Stanford researchers used generative AI to design 16 completely new bacteriophages that can successfully infect and kill E. coli, marking the first time an AI has created full viral genomes that replicate in the lab. The work could accelerate treatments for antibiotic‑resistant infections, but experts warn it also raises urgent biosafety and security concerns about AI‑designed biological agents. Scientists say the breakthrough signals a powerful new era of synthetic biology with both major medical potential and serious risks.